Observing laser manufacturing while processing enables a quick analyzation and thus an immediate reaction. One possibility is the camera-based process observation, whereby several methods are practicable for different systems

Color sensor standard has been defined by a 1-chip sensor with Bayer pattern for years.This resulted in low requirements for imaging lenses since a low spatial frequency looses tolerances and specifications regarding achievable contrast and lateral color error.

The main developments of the previous year fuse to one: The combination of our focus tunable telecentric lenses with our advanced coaxial light coupling telecentric lenses. This is obvious, since a telecentric bright field front lighting has significant advantages for object detection with focus tunable liquid lens

Affordable InGaAs sensors with a spectral sensitivity between 900 and 1700 nm and increasing resolution establish growing application fields (e.g. food and pharmaceutical industries) and became an additional leading force in machine vision industries.

A hundred years ago the idea of cutting material without touching it seemed to be science fiction. 

Size is a matter of definition. Depending on the industrial sector, some millimeters can be a tolerance or determine the function. 

In principle optical designers differ between optical glass and two types of fused quartz glass. On the one hand melted minerals containing silicon oxide are the basic for natural fused quartz. 

In many industrial inspection applications, different object heights have to be measured. Therefore, object sided telecentric lenses are recommended to use the entire depth of field with a constant magnification.

Beam focusing has an important role to play in many spheres of technical optics.